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Tuesday, February 24, 2026
Stroke Order in Chinese Writing - How reliable is 笔顺?
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/SLuYryJQ6iw
In this video I ask an uncomfortable question. Are the rules of 笔顺 universally reliable? In this video you get the answer by examining to basic and almost identical characters: The character 力 li4, meaning power, force and 九 meaning "nine". Common and frequent they may be, but they are far from ordinary. For starters, the character 九 is listed under the radical 丿, which already makes no sense. We are baffled to discover that the strokes of both characters are written in a different order, quite the opposite of what one would expect.
Friday, February 20, 2026
The Ancient Method to Fight Fraud in China - The anti-fraud number set
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/_7h4pAr6Mak
This video is about the anti-fraud numerals,a very simple and old method to find against fraud. I show how the basic numbers are written with normal characters pronounced exacty like the numerals.
1 一 → 壹
2 二 → 贰 / 貳
3 三 → 叁 / 參
4 四 → 肆
5 五 → 伍
6 六 → 陆 / 陸
7 七 → 柒
8 八 → 捌
9 九 → 玖
10 十 → 拾
100 百 → 佰
1000 千 → 仟
10000 万 → 萬
The Chinese financial numeral system (大写数字 / 大寫數字), is also called bankers’ numerals or anti-fraud numerals.
The earliest systematic use of financial numerals is traditionally attributed to the reign of Wu Zetian (武则天, r. 690–705)
The decisive moment of formal standardization came under the Hongwu Emperor (朱元璋, r. 1368–1398), founder of the Ming dynasty.
By the 19th century, anti-fraud numerals were fully embedded in Chinese commercial law and banking practice.
Financial numerals remain in:
Cheques
Contracts
Banknotes
Receipts
Legal documentation even into the 21st century.
Thursday, February 19, 2026
Triplet Characters - Pattern repetition in Chinese writing 木 - 森 日 - 晶 口 - 品
The video shows how one character can be tripled and written as a new character with either a new pronuciation or a new meaning or both. Think of 一 三,木森,日晶 and so on. In the video I give my own favourite 10 triplets. It shows how important repetition is in Chinese writing and Chinese characters.
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/hjV1vqLsXdA
Wednesday, February 18, 2026
The simple character 六 has a very complex history
The video tells the story of an apparently extremely easy Chinese character. The Chinese character 六. The video describes its various meanings, pronunciations and written variants. It shows the original pictography meaning "hut". The Chinese character 六 was once used as a surname, but it modern times ot appears under a different pronunciation in the name of the city 六安市 from 安徽 province. The Chinese character 六 is written as 陆 when written as part of the anti-fraud set of numbers currently mandatory in use in banky and financial institutions.
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/weDXjdTZChI
Thursday, February 12, 2026
盲文 Chinese Braille and Chinese Characters - The Shocking Truth
盲文 Chinese Braille and Chinese Characters - The Shocking Truth
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/bWIAyVofNd4
Thursday, February 5, 2026
Thursday, January 29, 2026
The most complicated Chinese character - It takes 3 minutes to write it neatly
Premiere in 2 hours
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/PkYLYaoWP_4
Huáng is the most complicated character in the world. It is made up of no less than 168 character strokes. (You can count the strokes as well just to make sure) If the character were listed in dictionaries, you would find it under the radical 辶 chuò which means "to walk". In this video I am voicing my own interpretation of the meaning of the character. One can see the character as a talisman, a lucky charm if you may. Why? Because the center of the character is made up of the dragon 龍 lóng and the phoenix 鳥 fèng intertwined as if in an ethereal dance up amongst the dense clouds. The dragon and the phoenix together are a symbol of wisdom and prosperity. If we look at the character huáng, we see that apart from the radical chuò, there is the lower half of the character that represents the real world, with components such as the two mountains 山 shān populated by the three deer 鹿 lù roaming freely like the wind 風 fēng. Then, there is the upper half of the character. As if in a dream or a vision we catch a glimpse of the lofty celestial world populated by the dragon 龍 lóng and the phoenix 鳥 fèng intertwined in a dance amidst the dense clouds 昙 tán and deafening thunder 雷 léi. Having such a vision is tantamount to grasping the law (dharma 昙 tán) of yin and yang governing our universe. So the character huáng tells the story of the ultimate vision one has while walking through life (辶) in a landscape populated by deer (鹿) roaming in the mountains (山山). At the heart of the chararacter is the dragon (龍) and the phoenix (鳥) that fly (飛) playfully together amongst the dense clouds (昙) and deafening thunder 雷 léi.
Huáng is the most complicated character in the world. It is made up of no less than 168 character strokes. (You can count the strokes as well just to make sure) If the character were listed in dictionaries, you would find it under the radical 辶 chuò which means "to walk". In this video I am voicing my own interpretation of the meaning of the character. One can see the character as a talisman, a lucky charm if you may. Why? Because the center of the character is made up of the dragon 龍 lóng and the phoenix 鳥 fèng intertwined as if in an ethereal dance up amongst the dense clouds. The dragon and the phoenix together are a symbol of wisdom and prosperity. If we look at the character huáng, we see that apart from the radical chuò, there is the lower half of the character that represents the real world, with components such as the two mountains 山 shān populated by the three deer 鹿 lù roaming freely like the wind 風 fēng. Then, there is the upper half of the character. As if in a dream or a vision we catch a glimpse of the lofty celestial world populated by the dragon 龍 lóng and the phoenix 鳥 fèng intertwined in a dance amidst the dense clouds 昙 tán and deafening thunder 雷 léi. Having such a vision is tantamount to grasping the law (dharma 昙 tán) of yin and yang governing our universe. So the character huáng tells the story of the ultimate vision one has while walking through life (辶) in a landscape populated by deer (鹿) roaming in the mountains (山山). At the heart of the chararacter is the dragon (龍) and the phoenix (鳥) that fly (飛) playfully together amongst the dense clouds (昙) and deafening thunder 雷 léi.
Sunday, December 14, 2025
中文 Compare 2 Chinese people to get THIS: 比
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/AOJ_ZP2iD2o
This video teaches you how to form a more complex Chinese character from two identical basic characters. The character 比 is made up of two identical pictographs showing two men 人 standing side by side. I teach you the pronunciation of the character and the stroke order, the 笔顺
I show you how the character evolved from oracle bone inscriptions all the way down to the modern character 比 which means "to compare"
Tuesday, December 9, 2025
How to say NO in Chinese without saying 不
Can you say "no" or "not" in Chinese without using the word 不? Watch this video to see how it can be done. First I show how a negation is expressed with the help of the negation word 不. I explain this with the help of several very simple examples and combinations of characters
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ySub6JKsp0A
PREMIERE THIS FRIDAY AT 00:00 HOURS
Monday, December 1, 2025
Taoist immortals and Chinese Characters
The video explores how the iconic karst landscapes of Guilin inspired the creation of early Chinese pictographic characters. It explains how the characters 山 shan (mountain) and 人rn (man) combine to form 仙 xian, meaning “immortal,” a key concept in ancient Chinese religion and Taoism. The shorthand version of xian, first used in the early Han period, reflects the symbolism of humans ascending sacred mountains in search of wisdom. Taoist paintings reinforce this idea through vertical compositions, cloud “barriers,” and towering peaks that represent the cosmic hierarchy and the abodes of 仙 xian "immortals". Ultimately, the video reveals how Chinese characters and Taoist imagery share deep historical and symbolic connections.
Premiere on the 3rd of December.
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/SV0qIuDpSRU
Monday, November 24, 2025
Thursday, November 20, 2025
When size matters! 日曰囗口 Same shape different size!
With the help of several common Chinese characters, this unconventional video shows how important the size of similar looking characters helps one telling the difference between them. The couples of characters we look at are: 囗 口 combined in 吕 and 回, 日 曰 combined in 昌.
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/RDgOR61m5CA
Tuesday, November 18, 2025
黄 The Yellow Emperor and the Yellow River
黄 is a strange character. One the one hand it is common, think of the Yellow Emperor and the Yellow River, but as a radical it only appears in the character 黈 meaning yellow, and in the character 黌 hóng meaning "school". How is this possible. A radical that functions as a phonetic component. This is uber strange
PREMIERE ON THE 20TH OF NOV. 12:00 A.M.
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/PbumLo0sJys
Saturday, November 15, 2025
Chinese letter with hook The 7th letter of the Chinese alphabet
The Basics of Chinese Writing - To be able to write Chinese well you first need to grasp the basics, that is to say the 笔画,the individual strokes of the Chinese alphabet. In this episode we will be looking at three Chinese characters written with the help of the compound stroke 横折钩, the horizontal-vertical-with-a-hook combo. I will demonstrate how this stroke is used in the following three Chinese characters: 习, 匀 and 月.
Do not forget to support my work by pressing the like button, sharing my videos, leaving a comment and subscribing to my channel.
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/UBcpuHd7ylU
Friday, November 14, 2025
I got rid of my hernia.
I had a hernia 疝气 repair surgey exactly one week ago, so I thought I would teach you how to say hernia in both common Chinese and also in medical jargon 腹股沟疝. You will learn about two very useful radical components that occur in Chinese characters related to the body and its parts 月, as well as the radical for ailment and disease 疒. I will also point out the similarity between the radical for meat or body and the character radical moon, that can be rather confusing.
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/AFvsUCxnPWQ
Sunday, November 9, 2025
The 90-degree horizontal-vertical character stroke
Youtube premiere on Tuesday, the 11th of Nov. at 00.00 am
This video is the 6th episode in the series dedicated to the 笔画, the Chinese characters stroke, or as I call it, the Chinese alphabet. Today we focus on the 横折, the horizontal-vertical combo. We look at three usage examples: the character 囗,己 and 田. We try to understand the difference between the characters 己 and 已, and the characters 囗 and 口。 The difference between these last two characters becomes clear when we combine them into a new character, the character 回. In this video I demonstrate how to write the three characters by hand.
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/LbWIi-4XTQc
Thursday, November 6, 2025
Where did the horse go? Spectacular transformation of 马, the Chinese character for Horse
AN INTERESTING EPISODE IN THE HISTORY OF CHINESE CHARACTERS AND WRITING
This video shows the evolution of the Chinese character (马) 馬 mǎ.Initially, the character was clearly a pictographic representation of a horsa, but with time, the iconicty was lost beyond recognition. This video is an excellent example of how Chinese characters, Chinese writing and Chinese characters change and form over time.
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/svyCRSvtpck
㇇The 4th Letter of The Chinese Alphabet 横撇 héngpiě
Today's video is about the 横撇 héngpiě in Chinese, which is a horizontal and left slanting curve combo.
Let us see some examples in which the 横撇 héngpiě stroke is used:
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/-AM42H5gcBk
Chinese characters are pictures - The example of the Chinese character for bird: 鸟
The pictographic myth of Chinese characters. This is what the video is debunking. When you look at the character for tiger or elephant, in Chinese 虎 and 象 respectively, you should be able to recognizing the tiger and the elephant in them. But this doesn't happen. And this also the case for the Chinese character 鸟,meaning bird. What initially was an easily recognizable picture of a thing, during a thousands-year old evolution became changed beyong recognition. Thus the pictographic myth of Chinese characters is debunked in just a matter of seconds. Why does this myth persist?
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/oUOMaWBUPt8
Sunday, November 2, 2025
The Chinese Alphabet - Horizontal Hook Compound Stroke #howtowritechinese #chinesealphabet
In this third episode of the series about the Chinese alphabet, I teach you all you need to know about the horizontal+hook combo, known as 横钩 by its Chinesse name. The ㇖ has two variants.
I teach you how to write three Chinese characters in which the 横钩 is combined with other characters.
The three characters are 矛,令,疋.
You will learn to tell the difference between ㇖ and ㇇, as well as how 疋. is written differently in the characters 定,是,走
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/Y9fqFPs0C70
Thursday, October 23, 2025
Fallacy of Pictographic Chinese Characters
Are Chinese characters pictographs?
Check out this video that premiers tomororrow.
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/GSeUxYSuvVs
The Chinese Alphabet
I am starting a new series about the Chinese "alphabet", the individual strokes of Chinese writing.
Stay tuned for more.
Here is the first episode.
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/WyzkOtEyvwg
Sunday, October 19, 2025
Vocabulary in Chinese influenced by multiple layers of contact
Here is a comprehensive table showing that core lexical, technical, ritual, and political vocabulary in Chinese was influenced by multiple layers of contact: Buddhist (Sanskrit/Pali), Silk Road (Central Asian/Iranian), southern (Austroasiatic/Tai/Hmong-Mien), Mongolic, and Manchu
1. Buddhist Lexicon (Sanskrit / Pali)
| 佛 Fó | Buddha | Sanskrit | Early adoption of foreign religious terminology, challenging purely Han religious lexical development. |
| 菩薩 púsà | Bodhisattva | Sanskrit | Complex phonological adaptation suggests deep integration of foreign spiritual terms. |
| 涅槃 nièpán | Nirvāṇa | Sanskrit | Suggests abstract philosophical concepts borrowed early from India. |
| 羅漢 luóhàn | Arhat | Sanskrit/Prakrit | Non-Han lexicon in canonical texts; challenges indigenous origin narrative. |
| 菩提 pútí | Bodhi | Sanskrit | Fundamental Buddhist term, illustrating Indian influence. |
| 塔 tǎ | Stūpa | Sanskrit | Physical and religious vocabulary shows Central Asian transmission. |
| 禪 chán | Dhyāna | Sanskrit/Pali | Meditation vocabulary imported, redefining Chinese spiritual lexicon. |
| 僧伽 sēngqié | Saṅgha | Sanskrit | Institutional vocabulary foreign in origin. |
| 華嚴 huáyán | Avataṃsaka | Sanskrit | Semantic translation combined with phonetic adaptation, complex borrowing. |
| 曼荼羅 màntuóluó | Maṇḍala | Sanskrit | Ritual and technical term fully absorbed into Chinese phonology. |
2. Silk Road / Central Asian Vocabulary
| 獅 shī | šēr | Persian | Suggests early Western Eurasian contact; challenges self-contained Chinese origin. |
| 葡萄 pútáo | bōtō | Persian | Agricultural lexicon borrowed; undermines purely indigenous narrative. |
| 胡蘿蔔 húluóbo | karot | Persian via Turkic | Steppe influence on food vocabulary. |
| 胡椒 hújiāo | pippalī | Sanskrit | Early spice import; “Hu-” prefix highlights foreignness. |
| 胡琴 húqín | Iranian/Turkic | Musical instrument | Steppe and Central Asian cultural influence. |
| 石榴 shíliu | anar/nar | Persian | Imported fruit lexicon; challenges self-sufficiency idea. |
| 茶 chá | Proto-Tibeto-Burman / Austroasiatic | Southern languages | Agricultural product with southern origins; complicates Han-centered narrative. |
| 硝 xiāo | sal | Iranian | Technical term for saltpeter; shows knowledge transfer. |
| 琵琶 pípá | pipa | Persian/Indian | Musical instrument; shows cross-cultural borrowing. |
| 錢 qián | dinar/drachma | Greek/Persian | Monetary concept; imported via trade. |
3. Southern / Austroasiatic, Tai, Hmong-Mien
| 米 mǐ | mər | Austroasiatic | Staple crop; core vocabulary from non-Han southern languages. |
| 象 xiàng | cɔŋ | Austroasiatic | Core fauna lexicon; challenges indigenous origin. |
| 牛 niú | Proto-Tibeto-Burman | Tibeto-Burman | Basic domestic animal word, non-Han origin. |
| 竹 zhú | Austroasiatic / Tai | Southern languages | Agriculture lexicon, non-Han influence. |
| 甘蔗 gānzhè | ʔkacəʔ | Austroasiatic | Cultivated crop, southern borrowings. |
| 芋 yù | ʔŋawʔ | Austroasiatic | Root vegetable; basic food vocabulary borrowed. |
| 柚 yòu | Tai | Tai-Kadai | Southern fruit, showing early contact. |
| 猴 hóu | Tai | Tai-Kadai | Fauna lexicon, southern influence. |
| 柿 shì | Austroasiatic | Southern China | Food vocabulary, non-Han origin. |
| 琉璃 liúlí | Indic via Austroasiatic | Glass / glaze | Technical / craft term showing maritime trade influence. |
4. Mongolic / Steppe Influence
| 可汗 kèhán | khān | Mongolic/Turkic | Borrowed title for rulers; challenges “purely Chinese” political lexicon. |
| 哈達 hādá | khadag | Mongolic/Tibetan | Ceremonial object; foreign ritual vocabulary integrated. |
| 團禮 tuánlǐ | töröl | Mongolic | Social / ritual vocabulary; steppe import. |
| 斡脫 wòtuō | orto | Mongolic | Administrative term; non-Han governance vocabulary. |
| 札撒 zhásà | jasagh | Mongolic | Legal/administrative term; highlights Mongol rule integration. |
| 台吉 táijí | taiji | Mongolic | Aristocratic title; foreign political vocabulary. |
| 班禪 bānchán | Mongolic/Tibetan | Religious title | Non-Han religious lexicon in Chinese. |
| 喇嘛 lǎma | Tibetan via Mongol | Monk | Religious vocabulary of foreign origin. |
| 蘇魯克 sūlǔkè | Mongolic | Hunt/expedition | Steppe cultural term in Chinese. |
| 蘇打 sūdá | Mongolic via Turkic | Soda/alkali | Material vocabulary; technical borrowing. |
5. Manchu / Qing Administration Influence
| 班禪 bānchán | Manchu/Tibetan | Religious title | Retained in Qing; non-Han institutional vocabulary. |
| 藩部 fānbù | Manchu fambure | Administrative territory | Bureaucratic term imported; foreign origin. |
| 護衛 hùwèi | Manchu hūwei | Military guard | Foreign military-administrative lexicon. |
| 鑲黃旗 xiāng huáng qí | Manchu šanggiyan gūsa | Banner system | Political-administrative borrowing. |
| 額駙 éfù | Manchu efu | Imperial son-in-law | Court vocabulary from Manchu. |
| 套馬 tàomǎ | Manchu toma | Horse-catching term | Steppe culture integrated into Chinese lexicon. |
| 烏拉 Wūlā | Manchu ula | River/place names | Geographic vocabulary of non-Han origin. |
| 哈爾濱 Hā’ěrbīn | Manchu halbin | Place name | Toponymic borrowing. |
| 蘇魯克 sūlǔkè | Manchu | Hunt/expedition | Steppe cultural term in Qing China. |
| 托克托 tuōkètuō | Manchu | Personal name/title | Reflects Manchu administrative lexicon. |
Wednesday, October 15, 2025
Mysterious Chinese character 寡 - Easy to remember, difficult to write #chinesewriting
The video is about the character 寡. This character is problematic because despite being a rather common character, it is very difficult to vrite down from memory, and understanding its etymology is no big help either.. The second problem with the character is that its main meaning, that of "widow" has no connection with the secondary meaning of the character: 1. ''very" and 2. "few".
This video is suseful because it teaches you the stroke order of the character 寡 and evolution of the character and its role in understanding the phenomenon of "character amnesia'" that plagues the Chinese writing system.
Two unlikely Twins: Schwarzenegger and De Vito and the unique Chinese character twins 忙 and 忘
Actors Arnold Schwarzenegger and Danny De Vito in the movie Twins make an unusual pair, but so do the Chinese character twins 忘 and 忙 represent a unique pair within the Chinese writing system. The two characters have exactly the same radical component 心 忄and the same phonetic component 亡, yet their meaning is different and so is their pronunciation.
In this video you will learn the pronunciation and the stroke order of the characters.
My problem with the two chracatcesr is that the radical is not written consistently and that the so-called phonetic component leads to three different pronunciations
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/DrQXvfysjtQ
Sunday, October 12, 2025
Schwarzenegger's Nose and the Painful Reality of Chinese Writing
This video means to tackle with the difficult reality of some easy-to-recognize-but-painfully-difficult-to-write characters. One such character is the character 齉 which is written with 36 strokes. How hard can that be? Watch the video to understand the composition of the character, how the meaning and the sound are constructed. If you like language challenges, this video is for you. You won't believe what connects Arnold with the Chinese characters.
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https://www.youtube.com/shorts/bHutetwLEBg

Monday, October 6, 2025
Easy yet difficult Chinese characters - Semantic Onions of multiple layers #防御defend
Premiere on the 8th of october 12.00 a.m.
Many frequent Chinese characters are simply impossible to write from memory. All this despite the fact that these characters are partly pictographs, that is to say they are supposedly pictographic representations of the real world. If you look at the character 御 in its various forms and shapes along its millennia-old evolution you'll notice that some parts of the character look like a four-legged animal, a swine, maybe a dog or, who knows, a horse even.
Premiere on the 8th of October.
Sunday, September 28, 2025
Cum a pierdut Romania dreptul de "good delivery"?
Cum a pierdut Romania dreptul de a marca aurul!
Arhivasept. 30, 20132 4181
Tara noastra a fost scoasa de pe lista producatorilor de aur certificati din cauza unui scandal financiar
Desi Romania este cunoscuta pentru rezervele sale naturale de aur, problema exploatarii acestuia nu va fi rezolvata curand. Chiar si in cazul in care se gaseste o solutie pentru exploatarea resurselor naturale, Romania va continua sa aiba de pierdut fiindca certificatul „good delivery”, care garanta accesul liber pe piata aurului, a fost pierdut in urma privatizarilor succesive ale fostului combinat metalurgic din Baia Mare. In 1972, dupa multi ani in care minele de aur lucrau in pierdere, activitatea lor fiind subventionata gratie modelului economic socialist, care acoperea pierderile cu ajutorul ramurilor profitabile, Romania reusea sa intre pe lista de producatori de aur care beneficiau de certificatul de garantie „good delivery”. Acesta insemna ca fiecare lingou romanesc (turnat la combinatul metalurgic din Baia Mare) se inscria in standardele acceptate de London Bullion Market Association – organismul care reglementeaza piata metalelor pretioase la nivel mondial.
Aurul prelucrat la Baia Mare avea, asadar, forma clasica de lingou, cu greutatea standard (intre 10,9 si 13,4 kilograme, in functie de continutul de aur pur), avea concentratia potrivita (de 995,0% aur pur), era marcat cu un numar de ordine, precum si doua poansoane – unul care nominaliza intreprinderea producatoare si unul al Bancii Nationale a Romaniei.
Toate aceste insemne sunt obligatorii si in prezent pentru ca lingourile sa poata fi tranzactionate pe orice piata, la pretul oficial stabilit de bursa londoneza. Aici trebuie adaugat faptul ca, fara a avea certificatul „good delivery”, un producator de aur nu-si poate vinde lingourile decat platind expertize si, oricum, la un pret mai mic decat cel oficial.
Avantajul acestei garantii pentru aurul romanesc era extrem de important, mai ales in conditiile in care, in anii “80, Ceausescu a luat celebra decizie de a plati integral si cat mai repede datoria externa a Romaniei, „fara a precupeti niciun efort”… Si este cunoscut faptul ca acest efort s-a tradus nu numai prin exportul diverselor produse industriale finite, petrolului in Iugoslavia si chiar armelor in Africa si Orientul Mijlociu, ci in mod special prin vanzarea aurului din rezervele Bancii Nationale.
Cum s-a pierdut „garantia”
In prezent, Romania figureaza pe lista „good delivery” la rubrica destinata fostilor membri. Iar asta inca din anul 2002, ceea ce inseamna ca am avut acest avantaj timp de 30 de ani. Atat in 2002, cat si in prezent, motivul oficial al pierderii certificatului „good delivery” este ca productia autohtona de aur nu se mai incadreaza in standardele internationale. Adica a scazut sub pragul de 10 tone pe an, valoarea minima pentru a putea dispune de certificatul de garantie.
Realitatea este insa alta. Practic, Romania a fost scoasa de pe lista producatorilor de aur „good delivery” din cauza unui scandal financiar care a falimentat compania anglo-indiana Allied Deals, proprietara in acel moment a combinatului baimarean. La numai cativa ani dupa ce a cumparat de la statul roman cu 37 milioane de dolari intreprinderea Phoenix Baia Mare, Allied Deals a reusit sa o falimenteze prin mai multe afaceri oneroase si manevre financiare ilegale. In primul rand, este vorba de frauda bancara, deoarece Allied Deals a solicitat Deutsche Bank un credit in valoare de 600 milioane dolari pentru finantarea retehnologizarii combinatului baimarean, insa a prezentat garantii false, urmarea fiind diminuarea brusca a productiei societatii de la peste 10 tone de aur anual, cat prevede standardul „good delivery”, la circa doua tone pe an (cifra la care se pare ca se situeaza in prezent toata productia de aur a Romaniei). Escrocheria marca Allied Deals este confirmata de reputatul expert in domeniul metalelor pretioase Horia Ozarchevici, care a dezvaluit pentru SFin ca „indienii au avut niste optiuni de aur fara acoperire si au intrat in faliment. In momentul cand ei au intrat in faliment, fabrica de la Baia Mare si o fabrica din Peru au avut de suferit in mod direct”.
Mecanismul escrocheriei
Pentru a intelege mai bine modul in care anglo-indienii au reusit sa falimenteze Phoenix Baia Mare, trebuie clarificat faptul ca „optiunile de aur” reprezinta contracte care dau posibilitatea detinatorului (dar nu il obliga) sa cumpere sau sa vanda o cantitate de aur la un pret si o data predeterminate. Pretul unui contract de tip optiune depinde de pretul oficial („spot” – adica la momentul actual) al aurului, de nivelul pretului convenit initial („strike price”), de nivelul dobanzilor si de anticiparile privind volatilitatea pretului aurului in viitor, cu referire stricta la perioada care a mai ramas pana la ajungerea la maturitate a contractului.
Cu alte cuvinte, Allied Deals a incercat sa obtina un credit depunand ca garantie mai multe contracte de acest fel, care nu aveau insa acoperire, nici in planul productiei si probabil nici in ceea ce priveste eventualii cumparatori. Si pentru ca aceste „contracte” n‑au putut fi respectate, iar frauda a fost descoperita, bursa londoneza a decis sa retraga imediat certificatul „good delivery” pentru aurul fabricat in Romania.
Urmari
Desi „ingineria” anglo-indiana a prejudiciat in mod direct si, cel putin deocamdata, iremediabil accesul neconditionat al aurului romanesc pe piata mondiala si productia de aur a societatii Phoenix Baia Mare, aceasta din urma a incercat sa confirme mitul al carui nume il poarta, insa „resurectia” a esuat. Astfel, dupa falimentare, compania ardeleana a fost preluata sub aripa protectoare a AVAB (actualmente AVAS) si vanduta pentru 3,5 milioane dolari, in prezent purtand denumirea de Cuprom. Evident, asa cum arata si numele, aurul s-a transformat in… cupru, in mare parte si din cauza faptului ca a fost pierdut certificatul „good delivery”. Alt producator care exploata aurul romanesc si a avut de suferit de pe urma pierderii certificatului „good delivery” a fost Remin Baia Mare. Firma s-a asociat cu australienii de la Esmeralda pentru a infiinta compania Aurul Baia Mare, care a devenit celebra in anul 2000 din cauza unui scandal intre Romania si Ungaria pe tema deversarilor de cianuri in Tisa. Societatea in cauza nu se ocupa de prelucrarea aurului, ci doar de exportul unui aliaj din aur si argint cunoscut pe piata sub denumirea de „Dore”.
Desi avea la dispozitie capacitatile de productie de aur de la fabrica Phoenix, Aurul Baia Mare a preferat varianta mai ieftina, neavand nici certificatul „good delivery” si nici un nivel al productiei care sa-i permita sa-l obtina din nou de la London Bullion. Astfel, aliajul este procesat in Anglia, desi Cuprom ar fi putut face foarte bine acest lucru.
Ce facem fara „good delivery”
„Fara dreptul de a vinde aur rapid, in conditii optime si la un pret garantat de bursa specializata, orice producator din Romania trebuie sa suporte costuri suplimentare pentru expertize realizate de laboratoare acreditate, fapt ce, evident, micsoreaza profitul inregistrat”, spune Marian Mihart, presedintele Patronatului Bijutierilor din Romania. Aceasta procedura implica plata unei taxe fie pentru toata cantitatea ce urmeaza a fi vanduta, fie pentru probele care se iau dupa topirea lingourilor. Concret, o firma autorizata verifica greutatea si dimensiunea lingourilor, o alta firma verifica puritatea aurului continut si toate aceste expertize se adauga la costurile suportate de producator sau vanzator. De obicei, aceste taxe reprezinta unul sau doua procente din pretul de bursa al metalului, ceea ce specialistii considera ca este destul de mult. In plus, lingourile de aur care nu au certificatul „good delivery”, chiar si insotite de toate rapoartele de expertiza necesare, nu pot fi vandute la pretul stabilit de bursa londoneza.
Interesele pe termen lung sunt afectate
„Sa fim sinceri: astazi noi nu mai indeplinim criteriile pentru a detine certificatul “good delivery”, pentru ca nu mai avem o productie anuala suficienta de aur”, spune Horia Ozarchevici, director adjunct al Directiei Emisiune, Tezaur si Casierie din cadrul BNR, intrebat de SFin in legatura cu sansele Romaniei de a intra in randul lumii civilizate in domeniul pietei metalelor pretioase si al aurului in mod special. Totusi, specialistul admite ca faptul ca am avut certificatul si l-am pierdut poate sa ne afecteze interesele pe termen lung.
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