Chineza pentru incepatori - 您去哪个国家

1. （您去哪个国家）

- 先生, 您去哪个国家?

Xiānsheng，nín qù nǎ gè guójiā?

- 我去中国.

Wǒ qù Zhōngguó.

- 您是中国人吗?

Nín shì Zhōngguórén ma?

- 是的我是中国人.

Shìde, wǒ shì Zhōngguórén.

2. （你是哪国人）

- 小姐, 你是哪国人?

Xiǎojiě, nǐ shì nǎ guó rén?

- 我是美国人.

Wǒ shì Měiguórén.

- 他们也是美国人吗?

Tāmen yě shì Měiguórén ma?

- 不他们不是美国人.

Bù, tāmen bú shì Měiguórén.

- 他们都是英国人.

Tāmen dōu shì Yīngguórén.

 

3. （你去过中国吗？）

- 你去过中国吗?

Nǐ qùguo Zhōngguó ma?

- 我没去过中国.

Wǒ méi qùguo Zhōngguó.

- 你想去中国吗?

Nǐ xiǎng qù Zhōngguó ma?

- 我很想去中国.

Wǒ hěn xiǎng qù Zhōngguó.

Exercise 1

- 您去哪个国家?  

Nín qù nǎ gè guójiā?

- 我去中国.       

Wǒ qù Zhōngguó.

法国 Fǎguó (n) - France

德国 Déguó (n) - Germany

加拿大 Jiānádà (n) - Canada

意大利 Yìdàlì (n) Italy

日本 Rīběn (n) Japan

  

Exercise 2

您是中国人吗?

Nín shìZhōngguórén ma?

我不是中国人.

Wǒ( bú ) shìZhōngguórén.

法国人 Fǎguórén (n) - French (people)

德国人 Déguórén (n) - German

加拿大人 Jiānádàrén (n) - Canadian

意大利人 Yìdàlìrén (n) - Italian

日本人 Rīběnrén (n) - Japanese

 Exercise 3

-

你是哪国人

Nǐshìnǎguórén?

我是美国人

WǒshìMěiguórén.

你 nǐ (pro) - you

我 wǒ (pro) - I, me

你们 nǐmen (pro) - you (plural)

我们 wǒmen (pro) - we

他 tā (pro) - he

她 tā (pro) - she

他们 tāmen (pro) - they

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Romanian English Dictionary

Here is a link to a downloadable Romanian-English Dictionary and many other interesting things.

What is your phone number?

安娜，你家的电话号码是多少？
Ānnà, nǐ jiā de diànhuà hàomǎ shì duōshao?
Anna, what is your home phone number?

我家的电话号码是：令六一三五四七二二八。
Wǒ jiā de diànhuà hàomǎ shì: líng liù yāo sān wǔ sì qī èr èr bā.
My phone number is: 0 - 6 - 1 - 3 - 5 - 4 - 7 - 2 - 2 - 8.

你有手机吗？
Nǐ yǒu shǒujī ma?
Do you have a mobile phone?

有。我的手机号码是：令六三令二四三三一二五。你呢？
Yǒu, wǒ de shǒujī hàomǎ shì: líng liù sān líng èr sì sān sān yāo èr wǔ. Nǐ ne?
Yes, my mobile phone number is: 0 - 6 - 3 - 0 -2 - 4 - 3 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 5. How about yours?

我的手机号码是：令六二令三四七一二五九。
Wǒ de shǒujī hàomǎ shì: líng liù èr líng sān sì qī yāo èr wǔ jiǔ.
My mobile phone-number is: 0 - 6 -2 - 0 - 3 - 4 -7 - 1 - 2 - 5 - 9

明天我们一起去中国商店，怎么样？

Míngtiān wǒmen yìqǐ qù Zhōngguó shāngdiàn, zěnmeyàng?
How about tomorrow we go to the China shop together?

好。明天我给你打电话。
Hǎo de. Míngtiān wǒ gěi nǐ dǎ diànhuà.
OK. Tomorrow I will give you a phone-call.

Oracle bones

Oracle bones are a type of artifact found in archaeological sites from the Shang Dynasty in China. The site of Anyang had over 10,000 of these objects, primarily ox shoulder blades and turtle shells carved with archaic forms of Chinese characters, used for divination between the 16th and 11th century BC. The Late Shang Dynasty Yinxu site also had an abundance of oracle bones.

Oracle bones were used to practice of a form of divination, fortune-telling, known as pyro-osteomancy. Pyro-osteomancy is when seers tell the future based on the cracks in an animal bone or turtle shell either in thei natural state or after having been burned. The cracks were then used to determine the future. The earliest pyro-osteomancy in China included the bones of sheep, deer, cattle, and pigs, in addition to turtle plastrons (shells). Pyro-osteomancy is known from prehistoric east and northeast Asia, and from North American and Eurasian ethnographic reports.

Of most interest to historians are the scratchings discovered on the surface of Shang dynasty oracle bones, which have been identified as precursors to Chinese characters. Oracle bones of the Shang dynasty were ox scapulae and plastrons only, and they had characters and holes drilled into them. Flad suggests that Shang dynasty may have incised the characters to "fix the future," such that by drilling holes and making marks before firing, the bone would crack in the "right" places.

Studies
 
A great deal of knowledge of the Shang Dynasty has been learned from the studies of the oracle bone inscriptions. Many books about the inscriptions were published. The first book by Liu E was published in 1903. A good collection of the inscriptions was published in a book called 'Jiaguwen Heji' by Guo Moruo et al. It includes 41,956 inscriptions selected from the oracle bone inscriptions found before 1973. The total 13 volumes of the book were published during 1978 and 1982. From the studies of many scholars, about 2,000 characters among the more than 4,500 different characters found on the bones have been identified. The remaining unidentified characters are mainly places, names, etc. So experts can basically read the inscriptions now. 

Source: AboutArcheology.com

Sentence Pattern 3

SENTENCE PATTERN 3.

他们是一对恩爱的夫妻。

tāmen shì yí duì ēnàide fūqī。

They are a very affectionate couple.

Grammar notes.

的de, always pronounced with a neutral tone, is not used as a possessive marker alone. It performs as an adjective marker. 恩爱ēnài afection itself is a noun, but becomes adjectivized by the addition of 的: 恩爱的ēnàide affectionate.

对 is what the Chinese call 量词 measure words, otherwise known as classifiers. There are two types of measure words. One type of measure words are words that occur between a specifier or number and a noun. In the above sentence:

一(numeral) + 对(classifier) + 恩爱的夫妻 (noun phrase).

Here is an example with the same sentence from above slighlty modified to illustrate the use of a classifier between a specifier and a noun:

这对恩爱的夫妻我都认识。

zhè duì ēnàide fūqī wǒ dōu rènshi。

I have already known this affectionate couple.

这(specifier) + 对(classifier) + 恩爱的夫妻 (noun phrase)

How does Chinese work? – Understanding Chinese through basic sentence patterns.

SENTENCE PATTERN 1.

这是一项佥某。

zhè shì yī xiàng qiānmǒu。

(This is a plan unanimously agreed upon.)

Grammar:

这zhè (the opposite of  那nà that) can mean, depending upon the context, this or these.

是 is the equivalent of the English verb „to be”. Chinese verbs are not conjugated, their form stays unchanged in all situations, although the meaning varies according to the context. In the following examples, notice the invariability of the Chinese 是shì, as opposed to the English shift of form.

我是学生。I am a student.

wǒ shì xuésheng.

我们是学生。We are students.

wǒmen shì xuésheng

他是学生。He is a student.

tā shì xuésheng

SENTENCE PATTERN 2.

你的话充满智慧。

nǐdehuàchōngmǎnzhìhuì。

(Your words are full of wisdom.)

Grammar:

The genitive case is expressed in Chinese through the use of the 的 particle. Thus, a simple pronoun becomes a possessive adjective when 的is added after it.

我/我们wǒmen I/we + 的 = 我的，我们的 my/our

你/你们nǐ/nǐmen you + 的 = 你的，你们的 your

他她它/他们tā/tāmen he she it/they + 的 = 他的，她的，他们的，她们的 his her/their