The battle of Chinese character forms: traditional, simplified or pinyin?

 The battle of Chinese character forms: traditional, simplified or pinyin? (汉字之争) 5

After China was defeated by Japan in the first Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895), Chinese intellectuals owed the defeat considerably to traditional characters since they were hard to learn and thus prevented Chinese ordinary people from being literate. From that time on, the call for the abolition of Chinese characters (废除汉字) and their replacement with romanized pinyin (拼音) has surged time to time until the turn of the 21st century when typing on computers made producing Chinese characters easier. Chinese characters have been preserved, but there is divergence between the simplified form (简体字) used in mainland China and the traditional form (繁体字 or 正体字) used mainly in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore.

There have been appeals made for the reintegration of some traditional characters back into mainland China.